Punjabi is natively spoken by about 152 million people, primarily in the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan, where it is an official language. It is integral to Punjabi cultural identity, known for its folk traditions, Bhangra music and dance, and religious diversity, with significant Sikh and Sufi influences. Written in the Gurmukhi script (in India) and Shahmukhi script (in Pakistan), Punjabi grammar features a subject-object-verb (SOV) word order, postpositions, and a system of verb conjugations that indicate tense, aspect, and mood.